child::para
selects the para element children
child::*
selects the element children
/descendant::para
all the para elements of the document
/doc/chapter[5]/section[2]
the second section of the fifth chapter of the doc elements under the document root
/descendant::p[position()=last()]
the last p in document order
//note[@type="warning"]
all note elements that has a type attribute with value warning
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